Dental cements including the glass ionomer cement (GIC) have found widespread use in restoring tooth structures. In this study, modifications of glass ionomer cements (GICs) were made by adding bioactive glass (BAG) to GIC to obtain bioactive restorative materials. This study used polarized light microscopy (PLM) to examine the remineralization effects of the study materials on dentin. It also evaluated the Vickers microhardness of the experimental materials. Experimental glass ionomer cement (GIC)-BAG materials were made by mixing 10 wt% of BAG particles with conventional cure and resin-modified GIC powders. Class V restorations were made in 80 extracted mandibular teeth which included 4 groups of 20 teeth each. 100 μm sections of the teeth were examined under polarized light microscope after undergoing pH cycling. Materials were also processed into 80 cylindrical specimens and immersed in water for 7 and 30 days before mechanical tests. Resin-modified GIC containing BAG showed a thick uniform layer of mineralization on the restoration-dentin interface. The conventional cure GIC-based materials had higher surface microhardness than the resin-modified materials. Significance: The addition of BAG to GIC compromises the mechanical properties of the materials to some extent. Thus, their clinical use ought to be restricted to applications where their bioactivity can be beneficial, such as root surface fillings and liners in dentistry.

Aim: This study was an attempt, to determine chronological age, dental age and skeletal age, and to establish interrelationship, amongst the dental, skeletal and chronological ages and their differences if any between rural and urban female children. The study included 80 girls aged 8 to 14 years from rural and urban areas. Material and methods: The subjects were divided into 4 Groups: Group I, II, III, and IV. Group I and II comprising of rural female subjects, wherein Group I comprised of 8 to 11 years and Group II comprised of 11 to 14 years old females. Group III and IV comprising of urban females wherein Group III included 8 to 11 years and Group IV comprised of 11 to 14 years old females. Orthopantomograms and hand and wrist radiographs were taken. The calcification status of permanent teeth was evaluated from orthopantomograms, and dental age was calculated according to Demirjian’s method. The stages of ossification of various carpal bones were evaluated from the hand-wrist radiograph using radiographic atlas of Greulich and Pyle and skeletal age was calculated. The chronological age was recorded from the actual date of birth. Results: Data collected was statistically analyzed. Conclusion: Highly significant correlation was observed between dental and skeletal age (r = 0.752, p-value < 0.01) in total sample. Strong correlation of chronological age with dental and skeletal age was also observed (r = 0.650, r = 0.620, respectively). Out of all three correlations, dental age and skeletal age had the maximum correlation in total sample. While comparing rural and urban sample as regard to ages or correlations no significant difference was found (p-value < 0.01).

Aloe-Barbadensis Mill (Liliaceae) is used in the traditional medicine of Mexico and other countries for anti-inflammatory and cosmetic purposes (Diez- Martinez 1981, Grindlay and Reynolds 1986). Two components are obtained from the fresh leaves of Aloe-Barbadensis, a bitter yellow juice (exudate), which drains from the transversally cut leaves used as a laxative (Ishii et al 1990) and a mucilaginous gel from leaf parenchyma, which has been used as a remedy for a variety of pathological states such as arthritis, gout, acne, dermatitis, burns and peptic ulcers induced by epithelial alterations (Cappasso and Ganginella 1997, Reynolds and Dweek 1999). The aim of this study is to evaluate efficacy of Aloe-Vera gel as a healing agent in an endodontic procedure called pulpotomy. Fifteen primary molars were treated for pulpotomy using ‘Aloe-Vera gel’. Patients were recalled after 1 month to check for any clinical symptoms. None of the patients reported with clinical symptoms of pain, mobility, abscess and histopathological evaluation done following extraction after 2 months showed positive signs of healing.

Title: Antibacterial properties of fluoride releasing glass Ionomer cements (GICs) and pit and fissure sealants on Streptococcus mutans. Background: Occlusal pit and fissures are the most susceptible sites for dental caries. The clinical effectiveness of GICs and fissure sealants in preventing caries is well-documented, but there is some concern about bacteria left beneath sealants. Objective: (1) Study the antibacterial activity of GICs and pit and fissure sealants. (2) Compare between these materials. Methodology: GICs (Fuji IX GP and Ketac molar) and pit and fissure sealants (Teethmate-F1 and Helioseal-F ). The strains was grown in the Brain Heart Infusion broth and was incubated anaerobically for 18 hours at 37°C and subcultured in MSB agar. Four wells measuring 5 mm diameter was prepared on each agar plate and the prepared materials was placed and further incubated anaerobically for 48 hours at 37°C. The zone of inhibition was measured. Results: All the materials tested showed antibacterial properties to varying levels except; among pit and fissure sealants it is Teethmate-F which showed more antibacterial property. Conclusion: Teethmate-F1 sealant showed more antibacterial property compared to Fuji IX and Ketac molar. Helioseal-F did not show any antibacterial property.

Retinoblastoma is one of the more highly invasive and common intraocular malignancies of childhood. Treatment in most of the cases consists of enucleation followed by placement of orbital implants. Prosthetic rehabilitation is especially challenging in younger and precooperative pediatric patients. The following case report describes the rehabilitation of a 4-year-old child with retinoblastoma, with an ocular prosthesis fabricated by a simplified technique.

Congenital macrostomia or transverse facial cleft is a rare congenital craniofacial anomaly, which affects the esthetics and functions of oral cavity. It is usually associated with deformities of other structures developed from the first and second branchial arches. Bilateral transverse cleft, occurring alone is uncommon. Since the deformity is rare, its treatment has not been commonly described in the literature. We report a case of congenital bilateral macrostomia as an isolated, asyndromic deformity to add one more case in the literature and surgical technique has been discussed here.

A major anatomical variant of the two-rooted mandibular first molar is a tooth with an additional distolingual third root: The radix entomolaris (RE). It is essential to anticipate and find all roots and canals during root canal treatment. Proper angulations and interpretation of radiographs help to identify pulp chamber and root anatomy. If present, an awareness and understanding of this unusual root and its root canal morphology can contribute to the successful outcome of root canal treatment.

Variety of clinical complications occurs due to the presence of supernumerary teeth, especially mesiodens. It may result in impaction of one or both central incisors which in turn may lead to a variety of malocclusions. Timely intervention not only prevents malocclusion but also the time taken for corrective orthodontics. A complete case report of developing mesiodens’ tooth germ resulting in malocclusion including treatment in 1½ year period is presented.

During osteogenesis, mesenchymal tissues function to form fibrous matrix which changes into bone by ossification. In rare instances, fibrous matrix persists in which foci of immature bone is evident resulting in progressive enlargement. Such conditions are commonly benign in nature but few are anatomically benign and clinically destructive. Though recurrence and residual defects following surgical treatment are the challenging complications, fatal consequences are infrequent. We report a juvenile case of ossifying fibroma with an aim to highlight its clinical course and salient criteria to differentiate this entity from the common variants.

Odontomas are hamartomas composed of various dental tissues, i.e. enamel, dentin, cementum and sometimes pulp. They are slow-growing, benign tumors showing nonaggressive behavior. Most of the odontomes are asymptomatic with unknown etiology, although occasional signs and symptoms related to their presence do occur. Presented here is the case report of 10-year-old girl with impacted left central incisor.

Dens evaginatus (DE) is a rare developmental anomaly characterized by presence of an extra cusp arising from occlusal or lingual surfaces. Isolated occurrence or concomitant presence of DE with other dental anomalies has been reported. DE commonly affects permanent teeth and is rarely seen in primary dentition. Treatment may be conservative or radical. This article presents two unusual cases of concomitant occurrence of a supernumerary tooth and DE affecting maxillary deciduous lateral incisor and conservative management of DE occurring concurrently with a possible Oehler’s type I invagination in maxillary permanent lateral incisor.