Purpose: This study was performed to study the pattern of fluoride release from glass ionomer cement, a resin modified glass ionomer cement, a compomer and a composite resin when stored in different storage media. Methods: A total of 60 samples (Tablets of diameter 8.6 ± 0.1 mm and thickness 1.65 ± 0.1 mm) were prepared (15 samples for each material) pertaining to 4 different materials used. Five samples of each material were suspended in 4 ml of each studied solution. The studied media were deionized water, artificial saliva and solutions for pH-cycling (demineralizing solution pH 4.3 and remineralizing solution pH 7.0). The total experimental period was fifteen days the readings were taken after day 1, day 2, day 5, day 9 and day 15 using ORION fluoride ion specific electrode. Results: Significant variations were found in the amount of fluoride release from all the materials in different storage media. Glass ionomer cement released significantly higher amounts of fluoride (p < 0.001) in all storage media. The difference between composite resin and other materials was also very significant (p 0.001) where composite resin released very less fluoride in all the media. Conclusion: From this study it was concluded that the greatest amount of fluoride release was from ART glass ionomer cement in all the media followed by resin modified glass ionomer cement, compomer and composite resin in decreasing order. The pattern of fluoride release was similar for all the examined materials. Maximum amount of fluoride release was observed in pH cycling model for all the materials followed by deionized water and artificial saliva in decreasing order. With this it can be concluded that pH strongly affects fluoride release from dental restorative materials.

Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the physicochemical properties of saliva such as flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, calcium level, total protein and total antioxidant levels in caries free and caries active children. Materials and methods: The present study included one hundred and twenty healthy children who were divided into two groups and subdivided according to gender. They were further divided into caries free and caries active children with 15 children in each group. Unstimulated saliva was collected by suction method and flow rates were determined. The samples were then analyzed for pH, buffering capacity, total protein, calcium and total antioxidant levels. The data was then statistically analyzed using student's ‘t’ test {unpaired}. Results: The results revealed that when all these parameters were compared among the caries free and caries active children, the flow rate, pH and buffering capacity were slightly reduced in caries active children, but the total protein and total antioxidant capacity of saliva increased significantly in caries active children and the total calcium decreased significantly in caries active children. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, we can conclude that, the physicochemical properties of saliva play a major role in the development of caries.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare clinically and radiographically use of hydroxyapatite crystals and 2% glutaraldehyde as a pulpotomy agent. Method: Thirty deciduous molars were treated with pulpotomy using hydroxyapatite crystals and 2% glutaraldehyde. Results: Clinical and radiographic findings were observed at three months and six months. The success rate was found to be 100% clinically and 80.33% radiographically in the hydroxyapatite crystals group and 100% clinically and radiographically in the glutaraldehyde group. Clinical significance: The results of this study revealed that hydroxyapatite crystals is a potential pulpotomy agent for deciduous molars.

A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of malocclusion in Jaipur city, India. A total of 700 subjects, in the age group of 16-26 years were divided into five groups of normal occlusion, Angle's Class I, Class II Div 1, Class II Div 2 and Class III malocclusion. The results revealed that the prevalence of malocclusion was 66.3%, with the majority of them having Class I malocclusion (57.9%), while the prevalence of Class III malocclusion was found to be the least (1.4%). There was no statistically significant gender difference among the subjects studied.

Underneath the ignorance of adverse oral habits and general health practices in children proved to fetch harm, lies the basis and the motive in carrying out this study. This survey screened a total of 2636 children between the age group 4 and 15 years, residing in areas in South Kanara district and the prevalence of the adverse habits were assessed using a questionnaire and clinical examination. 526 students (19.95%) were found to be victims of adverse oral habits with nail biting being the most prevalent habit and bruxism, the least. Though the overall percentage of knowledge on basic body cleanliness was good, a small fraction weren't aware, thus posing the necessity of educating children right from home and school and thus ensuring that the health of ones child is safe and secure.

Teeth may vary in size, shape and number. Mesiodens is the most commonly occurring supernumerary tooth, usually seen between upper two central incisors which may be impacted or erupted. The present paper describes a rare case of palatal placed, inverted, severely dilacerated and impacted mesiodens which was detected on radiographic examination for some other problem.

The ameloblastoma has been described as benign but locally invasive; benign and locally invasive with strong tendency to recur; and locally malignant. Recurrence of this lesion in to the infratemporal and temporal region are rarely reported cases. Complete excision of lesion was done with the help of the advance imaging modalities and possible cause of recurrence in this case is discussed.

The management of one case of dens in Dente (Dens invaginatus) in maxillary lateral incisor with history of trauma to maxillary central incisor with periradicular lesion is reported. The patient presented with pain and fracture of anterior tooth. Despite of complex anatomy and diagnosis of dens invaginatus, surgical root canal (Apicoectomy) was performed successfully. Further more essential clinical considerations and treatment options are suggested. Early diagnosis and management are important to avoid complications.

Dentigerous cyst is a development odontogenic cyst, which apparently develops by accumulation of fluid between reduced enamel epithelium and the tooth crown of an unerupted tooth. It is one of the most prevalent types of odontogenic cysts associated with an erupted, developing or impacted tooth, particularly the mandibular 3rd molars, the other teeth that are commonly affected are maxillary canines and third molars. The present case report describes the surgical enucleation of a dentigerous cyst involving permanent lateral incisor, the surgery was followed by oral rehabilitation.

Hairy polyps are common congenital benign lesions of oro and nasopharynx containing elements of both ectodermal and mesodermal origin. However, their occurrence in palate is quite rare. Here we present a case of hairy polyp associated with palatal cleft in an eight months old female infant. We discuss the clinicopathological features, etiology, proposed theories related to its formation and its significance.

In this article, an interesting case of Apert syndrome in a 14-year-old boy with characteristic craniosynostosis, acrocephaly, midface hypoplasia, pharyngeal attenuation, ocular manifestations, and syndactyly of the hands and feet is presented. The case is discussed in the light of relevant literature. A precise clinical differentiation must be made since considerable overlap of the features of various other syndromes could give rise to difficulties in diagnosing this condition. Besides detection and timely recognition of the syndrome to allow adequate dental care, screening at periodic intervals is merited to improve the overall quality of life of these patients. Clinical relevance 1. This paper highlights the importance of the dentist as well as the specialist in the recognition and oral care of children with this syndrome. 2. Children with teeth of unusual anatomy present a challenge for conventional dentistry. 3. It is important for a pedodontist to evaluate and intervene the malrelationship of the jaws to reduce the complexity of further orthodontic treatment. Objectives statement: The reader should understand the clinical implications of recognition of this syndrome and provision of early treatment, with a purpose to reducing the duration and complexity of further treatment.

Oral lichen planus which is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases in adults, it has been rarely described in children. There are very reports in the literature regarding oral lichen planus in children, here we report a case of intra-oral lesions of lichen planus. Lichen planus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hyperkeratotic or erosive lesions of the oral mucosa in children.

Ectodermal dysplasia exhibits a classic triad of hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis, and hypodontia. Self-mutilation could be due to organic or functional causes. The occurrence of self-mutilation with functional cause represents a diagnostic challenge to practitioners. In most of the instances dentists are the first to recognize patient with ectodermal dysplasia as they report primarily with a complaint of missing teeth. The most common type is hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome). A thorough knowledge of this disease with multidisciplinary approach aids in successful outcome of the treatment. This is an unusual case report of Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome with self-mutilation.

This is a rare case report of apexification in an immature permanent mandibular first molar. Calcium hydroxide was used for apical root closure of both the mesial and distal canals. Root closure occurred after 13 months following which obturation of the tooth was completed.

What follows is a case report of a 12 years old child who complained of gaps between teeth in the lower front region. OPG showed tooth 43 impacted and malformed with enlarged pulp chamber and a unilocular radiolucency surrounding the crown. Surgical enucleation was done under LA. Biopsy was sent for histopathological examination revealing the miracle diagnosis of “Central Odontogenic Fibroma“ being a rare tumor of odontogenic tumor family and also a rare finding regard to age, site and clinical behavior of tumor is reported.