International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry

Register      Login

VOLUME 18 , ISSUE 1 ( January, 2025 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Different Modes of Oral Health Education Aids in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Bhagavathi Usilla, Sampath Reddy Cheruku, Swarna Swathi Silla, Ziauddin Mohammad, Anusha Reddy, Jayati Mehta

Keywords : Audiovisual aid, Autism spectrum disorder, Behavior management, Oral health, Oral hygiene

Citation Information : Usilla B, Cheruku SR, Silla SS, Mohammad Z, Reddy A, Mehta J. A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Different Modes of Oral Health Education Aids in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025; 18 (1):80-85.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3050

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 14-02-2025

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2025; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different oral health education aids in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Materials and methods: The present study included a total of 90 children with ASD aged 10–15 years. The children were assigned to three groups. Group A was provided oral health education using visual cards, group B with a mobile-based application (Brush Monster™), and group C with video modeling. All the children were screened to note the plaque and gingival index (GI) and were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks. Results: A significant difference in plaque scores (p = <0.001) and gingival scores (p = <0.001) was observed within the groups after 6 and 12 weeks postintervention. There was no statistically significant difference in dental plaque scores and gingival scores between the groups at all the timelines. Conclusion: In this study, visual cards, a mobile-based application (Brush Monster™), and video modeling significantly reduced dental plaque and gingival scores. Hence, all these modalities can be used as effective tools in educating children to improve their oral hygiene. Clinical significance: Poor oral hygiene can result in numerous complications for children with autism. Therefore, providing specialized education to raise awareness about oral hygiene offers significant benefits for these children in multiple aspects. CTRI registration number: CTRI/2023/08/056407.


PDF Share
  1. Hodges H, Fealko C, Soares N. Autism spectrum disorder: definition, epidemiology, causes, and clinical evaluation. Transl Pediatr 2020;9(S1):S55–S65. DOI: 10.21037/tp.2019.09.09
  2. Chauhan A, Sahu JK, Jaiswal N, et al. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in Indian children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol India 2019;67(1):100–104. DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.253970
  3. Faras H, Al Ateeqi N, Tidmarsh L. Autism spectrum disorders. Ann Saudi Med 2010;30(4):295–300. DOI: 10.4103/0256-4947.65261
  4. Jaber MA. Dental caries experience, oral health status and treatment needs of dental patients with autism. J Appl Oral Sci 2011;19(3):212–217. DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000300006
  5. Trevisan DA, Roberts N, Lin C, et al. How do adults and teens with self-declared Autism Spectrum Disorder experience eye contact? A qualitative analysis of first-hand accounts. PLoS One 2017;12(11):e0188446. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188446
  6. Da Silva SN, Gimenez T, Souza RC, et al. Oral health status of children and young adults with autism spectrum disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2017;27(5):388–398. DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12274
  7. Shalabi MASA, Khattab NMA, Elheeny AAH. Picture examination communication system versus video modelling in improving oral hygiene of children with autism spectrum disorder: a prospective randomized clinical Trial. Pediatr Dent 2022;44(1):25–31.
  8. Orellana LM, Martínez-Sanchis S, Silvestre FJ. Training adults and children with an autism spectrum disorder to be compliant with a clinical dental assessment using a TEACCH-based approach. J Autism Dev Disord 2014;44:776–785. DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1930-8
  9. Malhotra S, Rajender G, Bhatia MS, et al. Effects of picture exchange communication system on communication and behavioral anomalies in autism. Indian J Psychol Med 2010;32(2):141–143. DOI: 10.4103/0253-7176.78513
  10. Renuka P, Singh S, Rathore M. Picture exchange communication system as a behavior modification technique for oral health assessment in autistic children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;46(6):11–16. DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2022.020
  11. Hage SRV, Lopes-Herrera SA, Santos THF, et al. Oral hygiene and habits of children with autism spectrum disorders and their families. J Clin Exp Dent 2020;12(8):e719–e724. DOI: 10.4317/jced.56440
  12. Loo CY, Graham RM, Hughes CV. Behaviour guidance in dental treatment of patients with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Paediatr Dent 2009;19(6):390–398. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2009.01011.x
  13. Pilebro C, Bäckman B. Teaching oral hygiene to children with autism. Int J Paediatr Dent 2005;15:1–9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2005.00589.x
  14. Othman A, Kamarudin FN. Disability Learning Tool: Brushing-teeth Using Music for Autism. Proceedings of EDULEARN11 Conference. Barcelona, Spain; 2011. pp. 354–363.
  15. Doichinova L, Gateva N, Hristov K. Oral hygiene education of special needs children. Part 1: children with autism spectrum disorder. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 2019;33(1):748–755. DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1615846
  16. Smutkeeree A, Khrautieo T, Thamseupsilp S, et al. The effectiveness of visual pedagogy for toothbrushing in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020;10(4):415–423. DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_248_20
  17. Krishnan L, Iyer K, Kumar PDM. Effectiveness of two sensory-based health education methods on oral hygiene of adolescent with autism spectrum disorders: an interventional study. Spec Care Dentist 2021;41(5):626–633. DOI: 10.1111/scd.12606
  18. Asma'a MS, Badr SBY, Rashed MA. Effectiveness of audiovisual modeling on the behavioral change toward oral and dental care in children with autism. Indian J Dent 2013;4(4):184–190. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijd.2013.02.002
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.