Citation Information :
Rajan AS, Parameswaran R, Rajkumar B, Vijayalakshmi D. Nonextraction Management of Severe Crowding in a Growing Patient with Borderline Malocclusion: Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 17 (4):472-478.
A borderline case presents with mild skeletal disharmony or orthodontic problems due to arch length discrepancy and migration of teeth or a combination of these but is masked by a balanced soft tissue relationship. This case report describes one such borderline case of a 13-year-old girl who complained of irregularly placed upper and lower front teeth. Extraoral examination revealed balanced soft tissue with a mild convex profile, competent lips, and an average nasolabial angle. Intraorally, she had mixed dentition with flush terminal in primary molars and a class I relation in the permanent molars, severe crowding in the lower anterior, and congenitally missing permanent right laterals. A nonextraction protocol was followed, harnessing the pubertal growth spurt to alleviate the crowding and thereby preserving the soft tissue harmony.
Ackerman JL, Proffit WR, Sarver DM. The emerging soft tissue paradigm in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Clin Orthodont Res 1999;2(2):49–52. DOI: 10.1111/ocr.1999.2.2.49
Buchin ID. Borderline extraction cases: facial esthetics and cephalometric criteria as the determinants in the extraction decision. 3. J Clin Orthod 1971;5(9):481–491.
Proffit WR, Fields HW. Contemporary Orthodontics. St. Louis: Mosby; 2000.
Carey CW. Diagnosis and case analysis in orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1952;38:149–161. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(52)90105-X
McNamara JA Jr. Early intervention in the transverse dimension: is it worth the effort? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;121(6):572–574. DOI: 10.1067/mod.2002.124167
Luppanapornlarp S, Johnston LE Jr. The effects of premolar-extraction: a longterm comparison of outcomes in “clear-cut” extraction and nonextraction class ii patients. Angle Orthod 1993;63(4):257–272. DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(1993)063<0257:TEOPAL>2.0.CO;2
Baldridge DW. Leveling the curve of Spee: its effect on mandibular arch length. JPO J Pract Orthod 1969;3(1):26–41. PMID: 5250875.
Roth RH. Functional occlusion for the orthodontist. J Clin Orthod 1981;15(1):32–40.
Angle EH. Treatment of Malocclusion of the Teeth. Philadelphia: SS White Manufacturing Co.; 1907.
Bolton WA. Disharmony in tooth size and its relation to the analysis and treatment of malocclusion. Angle Orthod 1958;28:113–130. DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(1958)028<0113:DITSAI>2.0.CO;2
Bolton WA. The clinical application of a tooth size analysis. Am J Orthod 1962;48(7):504–529. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(62)90129-X
Peck H, Peck S. An index for assessing tooth shape deviations as applied to the mandibular incisors. Am J Orthod 1972;61(4):384–401. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(72)90302-8
Little RM, Wallen TR, Riedel RA. Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment-first premolar extraction case treated by traditional edgewise orthodontics. Am J Orthod 1981;80(4):349–365. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(81)90171-8
Little RM. The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment. Am J Orthod 1975;68(5):554–563. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(75)90086-x
Little RM. Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment: University of Washington studies. Semin Orthod 1999;5(3):191–204. DOI: 10.1016/s1073-8746(99)80010-3
Schudy FF. Vertical growth versus anteroposterior growth as related to function and treatment. Angle Orthod 1964;34(2):75–93. DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(1964)034<0075:VGVAGA>2.0.CO;2
Tweed CH. The diagnostic facial triangle in the control of treatment objectives. Am J Orthod 1969;55(6):651–657. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(69)90041-4
Ramos AL, Sakima MT, Pinto Ados S, et al. Upper lip changes correlated to maxillary incisor retraction – a metallic implant study. Angle Orthod 2005;75(4):499–505. DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(2005)75[499:ULCCTM]2.0.CO;2
Talass MF, Talass L, Baker RC. Soft-tissue profile changes resulting from retraction of maxillary incisors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1987;91(5):385–394. DOI: 10.1016/0889-5406(87)90391-x
Drobocky OB, Smith RJ. Changes in facial profile during orthodontic treatment with extraction of four first premolars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;95(3):220–230. DOI: 10.1016/0889-5406(89)90052-8
Arnett GW, Bergman RT. Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Part I. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;103:299–312. DOI: 10.1016/0889-5406(93)70010-L
Gianelly AA. Leeway space and the resolution of crowding in the mixed dentition. Semin Orthod 1995;1(3):188–194. DOI: 10.1016/s1073-8746(95)80022-0
Singer J. The effect of the passive lingual arch on the lower denture. Angle Orthod 1974;44(2):146–155. DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(1974)044<0146:TEOTPL>2.0.CO;2
Hamada Y, Timothius CJC, Shin D, et al. Canine impaction–a review of the prevalence, etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Semin Orthod 2019;25(2):117–123. DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2019.05.002
Kokich V Jr. Early management of congenitally missing teeth. Semin Orthod 2005;11(3):146–151. DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2005.04.008
Carlsson G, Bergman B, Hedegård B. Changes in contour of the maxillary alveolar process under immediate dentures. A longitudinal clinical and x-ray cephalometric study covering 5 years. Acta Odont Scand 1967;25(1):45–75. DOI: 10.3109/00016356709072522
Viazis AD, Viazis E, Pagonis TC. The concept of a new dental disease: orthodontosis and orthodontitis. J Dent Health Oral Disord Ther 2014;1(5):141–145. DOI: 10.15406/jdhodt.2014.01.00030
