Assessment of Dental Crowding Occurring in Mixed Dentition in Maxillary and Mandibular Arches Based on Tooth Size–Arch Length Relationships and Certain Cephalometric Parameters
Citation Information :
Kandakkeel FN, Saseendran A, Syeda NK, Jenny A, Bajaj K. Assessment of Dental Crowding Occurring in Mixed Dentition in Maxillary and Mandibular Arches Based on Tooth Size–Arch Length Relationships and Certain Cephalometric Parameters. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16 (2):357-362.
Aim: The aim of the study is to find indicators of crowding in primary and mixed dentition that may lead to occurrence of dental crowding in future dentition using dental measurements.
Materials and methods: A sample of 300 children was selected and divided into two groups based on their age primary dentition and mixed dentition. Dental arch impressions were made and casts were poured. The study was then divided into two phases for assessment of degree of crowding by Little's irregularity index (LII) and by measurement of tooth size-arch length discrepancies. Appropriate statistical analysis was used to assess the correlation of measurements in crowded and noncrowded groups.
Results: It was found that Little's index is less dependable as an indicator of anterior crowding. In the primary dentition, there is significant difference in inter-canine width between lower noncrowded and crowded dentition. In the mixed dentition, there is significant difference in Intermolar width between upper noncrowded and crowded dentition and in sum of incisors between noncrowded and crowded dentition in both the arches.
Conclusion: Little's index is not a reliable indicator of crowding in both primary and mixed dentition. Inter-canine width of lower arch can be considered as an indicator of crowding in primary dentition. The intermolar width of upper arch, sum of incisors in upper and lower arch and the intercanine width of upper and lower arch can be considered indicators of crowding in the mixed dentition.
Kurol J. Early treatment of tooth-eruption disturbances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;121(6):588–591. DOI: 10.1067/mod.2002.124173
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on the ethical responsibilities in the oral health care management of infants, children, adolescents, and individuals with special health care needs. Pediatr Dent 2018;40(6):142–143. PMID: 29179348.
Türkkahraman H, Sayin MO. Relationship between mandibular anterior crowding and lateral dentofacial morphology in the early mixed dentition. Angle Orthod 2004;74(6):759–764. DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(2004)074<0759:RBMACA>2.0.CO;2
Mockers O, Aubry M, Mafart B. Dental crowding in a prehistoric population. Eur J Orthod 2004;26(2):151–156. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/26.2.151
Lundstrom A. The aetiology of crowding of the teeth (based on studies of twins and on morphological investigations) and its bearing on orthodontic treatment (expansion or extraction). Tr European Orthodont Soc 1951;27:176–191.
Crowding of mandibular incisors Jorge Fastlicht, D.D.S., MS. Mexico City, Mexico; Amer. J. Orthodont. August 1970
Mills LF. Arch width arch length and tooth size in young adult males. Angle Orthod 1964;34(2):124–129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1964)034<0124:AWALAT>2.0.CO;2
Howe RP, McNamara JA, O'Connor KA. An examination of dental crowding and its relationship to tooth size and arch dimension. Am J Orthod 1983;83(5):363–373. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(83)90320-2
Nance HN. The limitations of Orthodontics treatment; mixed dentition diagnosis and treatment. Am J Orthod 1947;33(4):177–223. DOI: 10.1016/0096-6347(47)90051-3
Tausche E, Luck O, Harzer W. Prevalence of malocclusions in the early mixed dentition and orthodontics treatment need. Eur J Orthod 2004;26(3):237–244. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/26.3.237
Kluemper GT, Beeman CS, Hicks EP. Early orthodontics treatment: what are the imperatives? J Am Dent Assoc 2000;131(5):613–620. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2000.0235
Little RM. The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment. Am J Orthod 1975;68(5):554–563. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(75)90086-x
Bernabè E, Flores-Mir C. Estimating arch length discrepancy through Little's Irregularity Index for epidemiological use. Eur J Orthod 2006;28(3):269–273. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cji112
Pandis N, Polychronopoulou A, Eliades T. Active or passive self-ligating brackets? a randomized controlled trial of comparative efficiency in resolving maxillary anterior crowding in adolescents. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;137(1):12.e1–12.e2. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.08.019
Macauley D, Garvey TM, Dowling AH, et al. Using Little's irregularity index in orthodontics: outdated and inaccurate? J Dent 2012;40(12):1127–1133. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.09.010
Hunter WS, Smith BR. Development of mandibular spacing- crowding from nine to 16 years of age. J Can Dent Assoc (Tor) 1972;38(5):178–185. PMID: 4503190.
Tsai HH. Dental crowding in primary dentition and its relationship to arch and crown dimensions. J Dent Child (Chic) 2003;70(2):164–169. PMID: 14528779.
Nakhjavani YA, Nahvi A, Izadfar M, et al. Arch length and tooth size relationship and its role in predicting crowding and spacing. J Appl Environ Biol Sci 2014;4(8):198–201.
Selmani M, Gjorgova J. relationship among lower arch length, arch width and arch perimeter in crowding and non-crowding groups. Balk J Dent Med 2015;19:8–12.
