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VOLUME 18 , ISSUE 2 ( February, 2025 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

An Innovative Phyto-mediated Nanocomposite-modified Glass Ionomer Cement: A Detailed Study on Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, Anti-inflammatory Effects, Antimicrobial Activity, Mechanical Performance, and Solubility

Aleena Alex, Rajeshkumar Shanmugam

Keywords : Modified-glass ionomer cement, Nanomaterials, Phytomedicine, Restorative dentistry

Citation Information : Alex A, Shanmugam R. An Innovative Phyto-mediated Nanocomposite-modified Glass Ionomer Cement: A Detailed Study on Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, Anti-inflammatory Effects, Antimicrobial Activity, Mechanical Performance, and Solubility. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025; 18 (2):181-190.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3071

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 20-03-2025

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2025; The Author(s).


Abstract

Background: Glass ionomer cement (GIC), or polyalkenoate cement, is popular for esthetic restorations due to its tooth-bonding ability but suffers from low mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, and moisture sensitivity, leading to the search for better alternatives. Aim: To evaluate the cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, mechanical properties, and solubility of phyto-mediated nanocomposite-modified GIC. Materials and methods: Chitosan-titanium-zirconia-hydroxyapatite (Ch-Ti-Zr-HA) nanocomposites were synthesized using a single-step phyto-mediated process and added to GIC at 3, 5, and 10% concentrations (groups I, II, and III), with conventional GIC as the control (group IV). Characterization was done, and the effects on cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory response, antimicrobial activity, compressive strength, flexural strength, microhardness, and solubility were assessed and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey post hoc test. Results: Characterization confirmed all particles were within the nanoscale. A 10 wt% concentration of phyto-mediated Ch-Ti-Zr-HA nanocomposite enhanced antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. It also improved compressive strength (197.29 ± 0.253 MPa), flexural strength (34.71 ± 0.223 MPa), and microhardness (50.35 ± 0.232 MPa) compared to conventional GIC (p ≤ 0.05). Solubility was lowest at 10% (0.053 ± 0.005), followed by 5% (0.056 ± 0.005), 3% (0.086 ± 0.005), and conventional GIC (0.113 ± 0.005), with significance (p < 0.05). Toxicological analysis showed no significant toxicity, and anti-inflammatory properties were stable. The modified GIC with phyto-mediated nanocomposite shows potential as a dental restorative material, especially in regions of high stress. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that 10% phyto-mediated Ch-Ti-Zr-HA nanocomposite-modified GIC excels in antibacterial activity, compressive and flexural strength, microhardness, and solubility, outperforming conventional GIC and showing potential for enhanced dental applications.

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