Citation Information :
Gautam Y, Srivastava M, Verma P, Doley S. Anticariogenic Effects of the Dairy Products on Human Saliva: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 17 (4):456-460.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether the intake of cheese, paneer, and yogurt may help in reversing the acidogenic challenge after the consumption of chocolate at different time intervals.
Materials and methods: A total of 120 caries-free children between the ages of 4 and 13 years, with no decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), were randomly selected from the school. Baseline pH was obtained, and the subjects were asked to eat chocolate. pH was measured again after 10 minutes. Following chocolate exposure, the subjects were then randomly assigned to three groups—cheese, paneer, and yogurt. Salivary pH was measured at intervals of 15, 30, and 60 minutes using the same procedures for all subjects. The data thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis, which included analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, post hoc tests for multiple comparisons using Tukey's test, and paired t-test.
Results: The highest pH value after 15 minutes was seen in cheese (6.43), followed by paneer (6.31) and yogurt (6.30). After 30 minutes, the maximum pH value was seen in the cheese group (6.63), followed by yogurt (6.46) and paneer (6.34). The mean pH value 60 minutes after the consumption of dairy products was highest in paneer (6.53), followed by cheese (6.43) and yogurt (6.37).
Conclusion: All the categories were observed in the zone of remineralization. It should be noted that the maximum pH value overall was seen in the cheese group.
Clinical significance: Dairy products help maintain salivary pH, which aids in improving enamel health. Hence, dietary dairy recommendations can be incorporated into patient education and caries prevention plans.
Muthu MS, Siva Kumar N. Pediatric Dentistry, Principles and Practice, 1st edition. Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd.; 2009.
Telgi RL, Yadav V, Telgi CR, et al. In vivo dental plaque ph after consumption of dairy products. Gen Dent 2013;61(3):56–59.
Telgi RL, Yadav V, Tangade PS, et al. Effect of consuming different dairy products on calcium, phosphorus and ph levels of human dental plaque: a comparative study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2012;13(3):144–148. DOI: 10.1007/BF03262861
Tayab T, Rai K, Kumari V, et al. Effect of chewing paneer and cheese on salivary acidogenicity: a comparative study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;5(1):20–24. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1128
Adolfsson O, Meydani SN, Russell RM. Yogurt and gut function. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(2):245–256. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.2.245
Dawes C. What is the critical pH and why does a tooth dissolve in acid? J Can Dent Assoc 2003;69(11):722–724.
Bibby BG, Goldberg HJ, Chen E. Evaluation of caries-producing potentialities of various foodstuffs. J Am Dent Assoc 1951;42(5):491–509. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1951.0088
Reynolds EC, Black CL. Reduction of chocolate's cariogenicity by supplementation with sodium caseinate. Caries Res 1987;21(5):445–451. DOI: 10.1159/000261050
Grenby TH, Mistry M. Precise control of the frequency and amount of food provided for small laboratory animals by a new electronic metering technique, used to evaluate the cariogenic potential of chocolate. Caries Res 1995;29(5):418–423. DOI: 10.1159/000262102
Aimutis WR. Bioactive properties of milk proteins with particular focus on anticariogenesis. J Nutr 2004;134(4):989S–995S. DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.4.989S
Reynolds EC. Anticariogenic complex of amorphous calcium phosphate stabilized by CPP - a review. Spec Care Dentist 1998;18(1):8–16. DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1998.tb01353.x
Merritt J, Qi F, Shi W. Milk helps build strong teeth and promotes oral health. J Calif Dent Assoc 2006;34(5):361–366.
Drummond BK, Chandler NP, Meldrum AM. Comparison of the cariogenicity of some processed cheese. Eur J Pediatr Dent 2002;4(2):188–194.
Sampat SV, Hegde AM. Transdisciplinary approach in management of Children with early childhood caries. J App Med Sci 2015:3(2):719–722. DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2015.v03i02.039
Gardiner JA, Pollard MA, Curzon MEJ. The effect of different concentrations of sugars in two foods (yoghurts and baked beans) on plaque pH. Int Dent J 1997;47(2):115–120. DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.1997.tb00686.x
Tanaka K, Miyake Y, Sasaki S, et al. Dairy products and calcium intake during pregnancy and dental caries in children. Nutr J 2012;11:33. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-33
Sudhir R, Praveen P, Venkataraghavan K. Assessment of the effect of probiotic curd consumption on salivary pH and streptococcus mutans counts. Nigr Med J 2012;53(3):135–139. DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.104382
Johansson I. Milk and dairy products: possible effects on dental health. SVJN 2002;46(3):119–122. DOI: 10.1080/11026480260363242
Ferrazzano GF, Cantile T, Quarto M, et al. Protective effect of yogurt extract on dental enamel demineralization in vitro. Aust Dent J 2008;53(4):314–319. DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00072.x