Aims and background: The golden proportion is based on the premise that there is a link between natural beauty and mathematics. The study aimed to analyze the mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth in primary and permanent dentition to determine whether a golden proportion exists among them. Materials and methods: Sixty subjects were randomly selected in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were divided into two groups, each comprising 30 children with primary dentition between 3 and 6 years old, and 30 children with permanent dentition between 12 and 13 years old. Intraoral photographs were taken using a smartphone (in-built sensor: Sony IMX890, focal length: 24 mm, aperture: f/1.8) and a cheek retractor, with the head upright and the occlusal plane parallel to the floor. The distance between the participant and the camera was fixed at 4 cm. The digital photographic images were transferred to a computer, and the perceived mesiodistal width was measured for anterior teeth using Adobe Photoshop CS (version 8) software. Results: The ratio of lateral incisor to central incisor was not found to differ significantly between permanent and primary dentition (p-value > 0.05). However, the ratio of canine to lateral incisor was significantly greater in primary dentition compared to permanent dentition (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed that the golden proportion was inconsistent in terms of relative tooth width in primary dentition. Clinical significance: The golden proportion existing in permanent dentition serves as a guide for restoring severely mutilated anterior teeth, so it is important to assess whether the golden proportion exists in primary dentition.