Evaluation of Fluoride and Silver Ion Concentrations in e-Silver Diamine Fluoride and Advantage Arrest: An Ion Chromatography and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer Study
Citation Information :
Kamath P, Kamath P, P AN, Natarajan S, Jain MS, Rao A, Thimmaiah C, Baliga KN. Evaluation of Fluoride and Silver Ion Concentrations in e-Silver Diamine Fluoride and Advantage Arrest: An Ion Chromatography and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 17 (10):1141-1145.
Aims and background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is characterized by sharp shooting pain due to exposed dentin, and the most common method for treating this pain is the occlusion of the dentinal tubules with the help of desensitizing agents. E-silver diamine fluoride (e-SDF) (Kids-e-Dental, Mumbai, India) is a commercially available 38% SDF solution in the Indian market. Despite the fact that its application for caries prevention has been proven, the fluoride (Fl) and silver (Ag) ion concentrations of e-SDF for use in treating DH have yet to be standardized. The aim of this study is to determine and compare the Fl and Ag ion concentrations released from two commercially available 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solutions.
Materials and methods: The two most common commercially available 38% SDF solution brands, namely Advantage Arrest and e-SDF were used. Two drops of each of these solutions were taken in three beakers and diluted with distilled water. The Fl ion concentration was evaluated using a calibrated ion-specific electrode. The free Ag ion concentration was assessed using an atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
Results: Release of Ag ions shows that on days 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7, concentration (mg/L) was higher in the Advantage Arrest group but is statistically nonsignificant. On days 3 and 4, it is higher in an e-SDF group with a t-value of 1.085 and 0.243 and is statistically nonsignificant. Release of Fl ion showed that in comparison to the baseline, it was more with Advantage Arrest on days 2, 4, and 7 with a t-value of –3.766, –0.999, and 0.347 and on day 2 was statistically significant. On days 3, 5, and 6 Fl ion release from baseline was more with e-SDF in comparison with Advantage Arrest but statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: The AAS analysis as well as the ion chromatography showed that the Ag and Fl ion release respectively on days 1–7 from e-SDF was similar to the one seen in the case of Advantage Arrest.
Clinical significance: This helps dentists choose among different brands of the same commercially available 38% SDF solutions depending on the cost and availability of the product.
Sykes LM. Dentine hypersensitivity: a review of its aetiology, pathogenesis and management. SADJ 2007;62(2):66–71.
Bissada NF. Symptomatology and clinical features of hypersensitive teeth. Arch Oral Biol 1994;39:31S–32S. DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(94)90185-6
Bamise CT, Olusile AO, Oginni AO. An analysis of the etiological and predisposing factors related to dentin hypersensitivity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008;9(5):52–59.
Brännström M. Sensitivity of dentine. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1996;21(4):517–526. DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(66)90411-7
Miglani S, Aggarwal V, Ahuja B. Dentin hypersensitivity: recent trends in management. J Conserv Dent 2010;13(4):218–224. DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.73385
Hendre AD, Taylor GW, Chávez EM, et al. A systematic review of silver diamine fluoride: effectiveness and application in older adults. Gerodontology 2017;34(4):411–419. DOI: 10.1111/ger.12294
Mei ML, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Arresting dentine caries with silver diamine fluoride: what's behind it? J Dent Res 2018;97(7):751–758. DOI: 10.1177/0022034518774783
Zhao IS, Gao SS, Hiraishi N, et al. Mechanisms of silver diamine fluoride on arresting caries: a literature review. Int Dent J 2018;68(2):67–76. DOI: 10.1111/idj.12320
Fung MHT, Wong MCM, Lo ECM, et al. Arresting early childhood caries with silver diamine fluoride—a literature review. J Oral Hyg Health 2013;1(3):1000117. DOI: 10.4172/2332-0702.1000117
Zheng FM, Yan IG, Duangthip D, et al. Silver diamine fluoride therapy for dental care. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 2022;58:249–257. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.08.001
Shah S, Bhaskar V, Venkatraghavan K, et al. Silver diamine fluoride: a review and current applications. J Adv Oral Res 2014;5(1):25–35. DOI: 10.1177/2229411220140106
Yan IG, Zheng FM, Gao SS, et al. Ion concentration of silver diamine fluoride solutions. Int Dent J 2022;72(6):779–784. DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.04.005
Patel J, Foster D, Smirk M, et al. Acidity, fluoride and silver ion concentrations in silver diamine fluoride solutions: a pilot study. Aust Dent J 2021;66(2):188–193. DOI: 10.1111/adj.12822
Crystal YO, Rabieh S, Janal MN, et al. Silver and fluoride content and short-term stability of 38% silver diamine fluoride. J Am Dent Assoc 2019;150(2):140–146. DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.10.016
Mei ML, Chu CH, Lo ECM, et al. Fluoride and silver concentrations of silver diammine fluoride solutions for dental use. Int J Paediatr Dent 2013;23(4):279–285. DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12005
Fritz JS. Ion chromatography. Anal Chem 1987;59(4):335A–344A.
Michalski R. Applications of ion chromatography for the determination of inorganic cations. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2009;39(4):230–250. DOI: 10.1080/10408340903032453
Van Loon AJ Tom. Analytical Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Selected Methods. Elsevier; 2012.
Anekthirakun P, Imyim A. Separation of silver ions and silver nanoparticles by silica based-solid phase extraction prior to ICP-OES determination. Microchem J 2019;145:470–475. DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.11.008
