Purpose: Vital partial pulpotomy (PP) or cervical pulpotomy (CP) in carious pulp-exposed permanent teeth preserves tooth vitality, promotes pulp healing, decreases treatment costs, and shortens treatment duration, which is a significant factor in treating noncooperative children. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of partial and CP in vital carious-exposed permanent teeth. Materials and methods: All vital permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure, treated by pulpotomy using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) during 2017–2019, by two operators in one dental center, were included in the study. Around 118 permanent teeth in 97 children and adolescents (mean age 10.9 years) were evaluated 6–57 months postoperatively. Results: The total success rates of CP and PP were 82.5 and 80.8%, respectively (p = nonsignificant). The only factor that significantly affected the success rate was the presence of preoperative periapical pathology. Teeth without such pathology showed an 87.3% success rate compared to 74.1 and 58.3% in teeth with preoperative enlarged periodontal ligament (PDL) or with periapical radiolucency, respectively (p = 0.0301). Demographic variables, maturation state of the tooth, type of tooth (incisor, premolar, molar), postoperative variables, such as the presence of radiographic dentinal bridge, partial or full obliteration of the pulp during the follow-up period, and the integrity of the final restoration during the recall examinations did not affect the success rate of the treatment. Conclusion: Partial and CP in vital permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure in children and adolescents might be a reliable alternative to full root canal treatment (RCT).