International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry

Register      Login

VOLUME 15 , ISSUE 5 ( September-October, 2022 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Comparative Evaluation of the Remineralization Potential of Fluoride-containing Toothpaste, Honey Ginger Paste and Ozone. An In Vitro Study

Kimaya K Kade, Shweta Chaudhary, Smita Patil, Alok Patel, Amol Kamble

Keywords : Ginger, Honey, Ozone oil, Preventive, Remineralization, Surface roughness

Citation Information : Kade KK, Chaudhary S, Patil S, Patel A, Kamble A. Comparative Evaluation of the Remineralization Potential of Fluoride-containing Toothpaste, Honey Ginger Paste and Ozone. An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15 (5):541-548.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2445

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 30-01-2023

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).


Abstract

Introduction: A drop in pH of the oral cavity results in demineralization, which, if continued, leads to loss of minerals from tooth structure, resulting in dental caries. A goal of modern dentistry is to manage noncavitated caries lesions noninvasively through remineralization in an attempt to prevent disease progression. Materials and methods: A total of 40 extracted premolar teeth were selected for the study. The specimens were divided into four groups, group I, the control group; group II, remineralizing agent as fluoride toothpaste; group III, the treatment material as ginger and honey paste; and group IV, the treatment material as ozone oil. An initial reading of surface roughness and hardness was recorded for the group (control group). Repeated treatment has continued lasting 21 days. This saliva was changed each day. Following the lesion formation procedure, the surface microhardness was measured for all specimens. The parameters were 200 gm force for 15 seconds with a Vickers indenter and the roughness of the demineralized area of each specimen was obtained by using the surface roughness tester. Results: Surface roughness was checked by using a surface roughness tester. Before starting the pH cycle, the baseline value for the control group was calculated. The baseline value for the control group was calculated. The surface roughness average value for 10 samples is 0.555 µm and the average surface microhardness is 304 HV; the average surface roughness value for fluoride is 0.244 µm and the microhardness is 256 HV, 0.241 µm, and 271 HV value for honey-ginger paste. For ozone surface roughness average value is 0.238 µm and the surface microhardness average mean value is 253 HV. Conclusion: The future of dentistry will rely on the regeneration of tooth structure. There is no significant difference seen between each treatment group. Considering the adverse effect of fluoride, we can consider honey-ginger and ozone as good remineralizing agents for fluoride.


PDF Share
  1. Walsh T, Worthington HV, Glenny AM, et al. Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;20(1):CD007868. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007868.pub2
  2. Dirks OB. Posteruptive changes in dental enamel. J Dent Res 1966;45:502–511. DOI: 10.1177/00220345660450031101
  3. Tyas MJ, Anusavice KJ, Frencken JE, et al. Minimal intervention dentistry– a review. FDI commission project 1-97. Int Dent J 2000;50(1):1–12. DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2000.tb00540.x
  4. Sandhu KS, Gupta N, Gupta P, et al. Caries protective foods: a Futurist perspective. Int J Adv Health Sci 2014;1(6):21–25.
  5. Patel RV, Thaker VT, Patel VK. Antimicrobial activity of ginger and honey on isolates of extracted carious teeth during orthodontic treatment. Asian Pac J Tro. Biomed 2011;1(1):S58–S61. DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60124-X
  6. Balsaraf S, Chole R. Epidemiology of dental caries – a review. Uni R J Dent 2016;6(3):206. DOI: 10.4103/2249-9725.208323
  7. Moreno EC, Zahradnik RT. Chemistry of enamel subsurface demineralization in vitro. J Dent Res 1974;53(2):226–235. DOI: 10.1177/00220345740530020901
  8. Palombo EA. Traditional medicinal plant extracts and natural products with activity against oral bacteria: potential application in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011;2011:680354. DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep067
  9. Murdoch-Kinch CA, Mclean ME. Minimally invasive dentistry. JADA 2003;134(1):87–95. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0021
  10. Tencate JM, Buijs MJ, Damen JJM. The effects of GIC restorations on enamel and dentin demineralization and remineralization. Adv Dent Res 1995;9(4):384–388. DOI: 10.1177/08959374950090040701
  11. Feagin FF, Clarkson BH, Wefel JS. Fluoride Distribution in Enamel after in vitro Caries-like Lesion Formation. J Dent Res 1986;65(7):963–966. DOI: 10.1177/00220345860650071301
  12. Arends J, Christoffersen J. The nature of early caries lesions in dental enamel. J Dent Res 1986;65(1):2–11. DOI: 10.1177/00220345860650010201
  13. Hicks J, Garcia-Godoy F, Flaitz C. Biological factors in dental caries: role of saliva and dental plaque in the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization (part1). J Clin Pediatr Dent 2003;28(1):47–52. DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.28.1.yg6m443046k50u20
  14. Darshan HE, Shashikiran ND. The effect of McInnes solution on enamel and the effect of tooth mousse on bleached enamel: an in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2008;11(2):86–91. DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.44058
  15. Kielbassa AM, Tschoppe P, Hellwig E, et al. Effects of regular and whitening dentifrices on remineralization of bovine enamel in vitro. Quintessence Int 2009;40:103–112.
  16. Wright JT, Hanson N, Ristic H, et al. Fluoride toothpaste efficacy and safety in children younger than 6 years: a systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc 2014;145(2):182–189. DOI: 10.14219/jada.2013.37.
  17. Devlin H, Bassiouny MA, Boston D. Hardness of enamel exposed to CocaCola and artificial saliva. J Oral Rehabil 2006;33(1):26–30. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2006.01533.x
  18. Wiegand A, Meier W, Sutter E, et al. Protective effect of different tetrafluorides on erosion of pellicle-free and pellicle-covered enamel and dentine. Caries Res 2008;42(4):247–254. DOI: 10.1159/000135669
  19. Altun C, Maden EA, Uçar BD, et al. The erosive effects of honey, molasses and orange juice on the primary teeth of children. Pediatric Dental Journal 2015;25(2):50–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2015.04.002
  20. Gangwar A, Jha KK, Thakur J, et al. In vitro evaluation of remineralization potential of novamin on artificially induced carious lesions in primary teeth using scanning electrol microscope and Vicker'shardenss. Indian J Dent Res 2019;30(4):590–594. DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_326_16
  21. Lata S, Varghese NO, Varughese JM. Remineralization potential of fluoride and amorphous calcium phosphate-casein phospho peptide on enamel lesions: an in vitro comparative evaluation. J Conserv Dent 2010;13(1):42–46. DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.62634
  22. Slade GD, Bailie RS, Roberts-Thomson K, et al. Effect of health promotion and fluoride varnish on dental caries among Australian aboriginal children: results from a community-randomized controlled trial. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011;39(1):29–43. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00561.x
  23. Marinho VC, Chong LY, Worthington HV. Fluoride mouthrinses for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents? Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;7(7):CD002284. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002284
  24. Pietkiewicz J, Bronowicka-Szydełko A, Dzierzba K, et al. Glycation of the muscle specific enolase by reactive carbonyls: effect of temperature and the protection role of carnosine, pirydoxamine and phosphatidylserine. Protein J 2011;30(3):149–158. DOI: 10.1007/s10930-011-9307-3
  25. Liao Y, Chen J, Brandt BW, et al. Identification and functional analysis of genome mutations in a fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans strain. PLoS One 2015;10(4):e0122630. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122630
  26. Inukai J, Yanagida A, Tsuruta S, et al. De and remineralization cycles and fluoride effect on microhardness and roughness of enamel surface. Dent Oral Craniofac Res 2017;3(3):1. DOI: 10.15761/DOCR.1000S1007
  27. Amaechi BT, AbdulAzees PA, Alshareif DO, et al. Comparative efficacy of a hydroxyapatite and a fluoride toothpaste for prevention and remineralization of dental caries in children. BDJ Open 2019;5:18. DOI: 10.1038/s41405-019-0026-8
  28. Memarpour M, Soltanimehr E, Sattarahmady N. Efficacy of calcium and fluoridecontaining materials for the remineralization of primary teeth with early enamel lesion--. Microsc Res Tech 2015;78(9):801–806. DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22543
  29. Gündoğar UR, Keskin AG, Çağdaş A. Comparison of fluoride and the novel anti-caries agent theobromine on initial enamel caries: an in vitro. Fluoride 2019;52(3 Pt 3):456–466.
  30. Premkishore K, Umapathy T, Kathariya MD, et al. Effect of honey and aqueous ginger extract against Streptococcus mutans isolated from extracted carious deciduous teeth. Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2013;25(4):265–267.
  31. Saha R, Bhupendar K, Amol C, et al. Spices as antimicrobial agent. Int Res J Pharm 2012;3(2):4–8. DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061283
  32. Al Masaudi SB, AlBureikan MO. Antimicrobial activity of onionjuice (Allium cepa), honey, and onion-honey mixture on some sensitive and multi-resistant microorganisms. Life Sci J 2012;9(2):775–780.
  33. Bilgin G, Yanıkoğlu F, Tagtekin D. Remineralization potential of herbal mixtures: an in situ study. Paripex Indian J Res 2016;5:264–268.
  34. White DJ. Use of synthetic polymer gels for artificial carious lesion preparation. Caries Res 1987;21(3):228–242. DOI: 10.1159/000261026
  35. Kaul S, Godhi BS, Chanchala HP, et al. Evaluation of remineralization potential of zingiber officinale roscoe-apis mellifera, and chitosan as compared to control using qlf on white spot lesions: an in-vitro study. Int J Res Pharmac Sci 2020;11:5274–5281. DOI: 10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3144
  36. Gocmen GB, Yanikoglu F, Tagtekin D, et al. Effectiveness of some herbals on initial enamel caries lesion. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016;6(10):846–850. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.005
  37. KorKut B, Korkut D, Yanikoglu F, et al. Clinical assessment of demineralization and remineralization surrounding orthodontic brackets with FluoreCam. Asian Pacific J Trop Biomed 2017;7(4):373–377. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.01.007
  38. Bocci V, Larini A, Micheli V. Restoration of normoxia by ozone therapy may control neoplastic growth: a review and a working hypothesis. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11(2):257–265. DOI: 10.1089/acm.2005.11.257
  39. Baysan A, Lynch E. Effect of ozone on the oral microbiota and clinical severity of primary root caries. Am J Dent 2004;17(1):56–60.
  40. Johansson E, Claesson R, van Dijken JW. Antibacterial effect of ozone on cariogenic bacterial species. J Dent 2009;37(6):449–453. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.02.004.
  41. Schmidlin PR, Zimmermann J, Bindl A. Effect of ozone on enamel and dentin bond strength. J Adhes Dent 2005;7(1):29–32.
  42. Müller P, Guggenheim B, Schmidlin PR. Efficacy of gasiform ozone and photodynamic therapy on a multispecies oral biofilm in vitro. Eur J Oral Sci 2007;115(1):77e80. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00418.x
  43. Srinivasan SR, Amechi BT. Ozone: a paradigm shifts in dental in dental therapy. J Global Oral Health 2019;2(1):68–77. DOI: 10.25259/JGOH_56_2019
  44. Knight GM, McIntyre JM, Craig GG, et al. The inability of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus to form a biofilm in vitro on dentine pretreated with ozone. Aust Dent J 2008;53(4):349–353. DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00077.x
  45. Lussi A, Francescut P. Use of the DIAGNOdent in detecting and monitoring caries lesions and residual caries for ozone treatment. Ozone: The Revolution in Dentistry, by Lynch E, Quintessence publishing Co, Ltd. New Malden, Uk. 2004; Chapter 2.1, 49–59.
  46. Estrela C, Estrela CR, Decurcio DA, et al. Antimicrobial efficacy of ozonated water, gaseous ozone, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine in infected human root canals. Int Endod J 2007;40(2):85–93. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01185.x
  47. Rickard GD, Richardson R, Johnson T, et al. Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(3):CD004153. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004153.pub2
  48. Rodrigues KL, Cardoso CC, Caputo LR, et al. Cicatrizing and antimicrobial properties of an ozonized oil from sunflower seeds. Inflammopharmacology 2004;12(3):261–270. DOI: 10.1163/1568560042342275
  49. Mese M, Tok YT, Kaya S, et al. Influence of ozone application in the stepwise excavation of primary molars: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2020;24(10):3529–3538. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03223-6
  50. Ximenes M, Cardoso M, Astorga F, et al. Antimicrobial activity of ozone and NaF-chlorhexidine on early childhood caries. Braz Oral Res 2017;31:e2.DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0002
  51. Krishan S, Aggarwal A, Aggarwal N, et al. Comparative effect of different remineralizing agents on the microhardness of bleached enamel- an in vitro study. J Adv Med Dent Scie Res 2015;3(6):S66–S72. DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.159154
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.