International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry

Register      Login

SEARCH WITHIN CONTENT

FIND ARTICLE

Volume / Issue

Online First

Archive
Volume  17 (2024)
Volume  16 (2023)
Volume  15 (2022)
Volume  14 (2021)
Volume  13 (2020)
Volume  12 (2019)
Volume  11 (2018)
Volume  10 (2017)
Volume  9 (2016)
Volume  8 (2015)
Volume  7 (2014)
Volume  6 (2013)
Volume  5 (2012)
Volume  4 (2011)
Volume  3 (2010)
Volume  2 (2009)
Volume  1 (2008)
Related articles

VOLUME 15 , ISSUE 5 ( September-October, 2022 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite, Triphala, Eucalyptus, and Carvacrol against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro study

Vinod V Panchal, Prasanna T Dahake, Yogesh Jagannath Kale, Shrikant Bhujangrao Kendre

Keywords : Antimicrobial agent, Carvacrol, E. faecalis, Eucalyptus, Triphala

Citation Information : Panchal VV, Dahake PT, Kale YJ, Kendre SB. Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite, Triphala, Eucalyptus, and Carvacrol against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15 (5):514-519.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2440

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 30-01-2023

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).


Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Triphala, Eucalyptus, and carvacrol on Enterococcus faecalis as the most common microorganism isolated from infected root canals. Materials and methods: Seventy-five mandibular premolar teeth were randomly distributed into five study groups: 5.25% NaOCl, 10% Triphala, 1.25% Eucalyptus, 0.6% carvacrol, and negative control (saline) group. Samples were taken using paper points from the canal spaces and using Gates–Glidden (GG) drills from dentinal tubules; after sample culturing, the colony forming unit (CFU) were counted, which was analyzed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: All irrigants have shown a reduction of microorganisms in the root canal space. After the use of NaOCl and Eucalyptus, the bacterial count was significantly reduced in the canal, as well as dentin sampling, as compared to Triphala and carvacrol. The antimicrobial efficiency of all irrigants against E. faecalis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion: All irrigants exerted significant antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis. Around 1.25% of Eucalyptus was the most effective irrigant than 5.25% of NaOCl, Triphala, and carvacrol.

PDF Share
  1. Narayanan LL, Vaishnavi C. Endodontic microbiology. J Conserv Dent 2010;13(4):233–239. DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.73386
  2. Kayaoglu G, Qrstavik D. Virulence factors of Enterococcus faecalis: relationship to endodontic disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2004;15(5):308–320. DOI: 10.1177/154411130401500506
  3. Afkhami F, Akbari S, Chiniforush N. Enterococcus faecalis elimination in root canals using silver nanoparticles, photodynamic therapy, diode laser, or laser- activated nanoparticles: an in vitro study. J Endod 2017;43(2):279–282. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.08.029
  4. Zand V, Lotfi M, Soroush MH, et al. Antibacterial efficacy of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite gel and solution on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Iran Endod J 2016;11(4):315–319. DOI: 10.22037/iej.2016.11
  5. Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants. J Endod 2006;32(5):389–398. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2005.09.014
  6. Sim T, Knowles J, Ng YL, et al. Effect of sodium hypochlorite on mechanical properties of dentin and tooth surface strain. Int Endod J 2001;34(2):120–132. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00357.x
  7. Jaju S, Jaju PP. Newer root canal irrigants in horizon: a review. Int J Dent 2009;8(5):1–6. DOI: 10.1155/2011/851359
  8. Pujar M, Patil C, Kadam A. Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of Triphala, green tea polyphenols and 3% sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms formed on tooth substrate—in vitro. J Int Oral Health 2011;3(2):23–29.
  9. Ultee A, Kets EP, Smid EJ. Mechanisms of action of carvacrol on the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999;65(10):4606–4610. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.65.10.4606-4610.1999
  10. Asgary S, Nourzadeh M, Eghbal MJ. Miniature pulpotomy of symptomatic mature permanent teeth: a report of two cases. Iran Endod J 2016;11(1):75–78. DOI: 10.7508/iej.2016.01.015
  11. Berber V, Gomes B, Sena N, et al. Efficacy of various concentrations of NaOCl and instrumentation techniques in reducing Enterococcus faecalis within root canals and dentinal tubules. Int Endod J 2006;39(1):10–17. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.01038.x
  12. Önçaǧ Ö, Hoşgör M, Hilmioǧlu S, et al. Comparison of antibacterial and toxic effects of various root canal irrigants. Int Endod J 2003;36(6):423–432. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2003.00673.x
  13. Neelakantan P, Jagannathan N, Nazar N. Ethnopharmacological approach in endodontic treatment: a focused review. J Dr NTR Univ Health Sci 2011;3(4):68–77.
  14. Kleier DJ, Averbach RE, Mehdipour O. The sodium hypochlorite accident: experience of diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics. J Endod 2008;34(11):1346–1350. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.07.021
  15. Prabhakar J, Senthilkumar M, Priya M, et al. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of herbal alternatives (Triphala and green tea polyphenols), MTAD, and 5% sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formed on tooth substrate: an in vitro study. J Endod 2010;36(1):83–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.09.040
  16. Kamath U, Sheth H, Ramesh S, et al. Comparison of the antibacterial efficacy of tea tree oil with 3% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine against E. faecalis: an in vitro study. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(3):117–120. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1049
  17. Jyothi KN, Gopal A. Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of 0.3% propolis, 10% neem, 10% Triphala and 5% sodium hypochlorite on Candida albicans and E. faecalis biofilm formed on root dentin: an in-vitro study. J Dent Res 2016;4(3):90–94.
  18. Raoof M, Khaleghi M, Siasar N, et al. Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of Myrtus communis L. and Eucalyptus galbie and their combination with calcium hydroxide powder against Enterococcus faecalis. J Dent 2019;20(3):195–202. DOI: 10.30476/DENTJODS.2019.44898
  19. Nosrat A, Bolhari B, Sharifian MR, et al. The effect of carvacrol on Enterococcus faecalis as a final irrigant. Iran Endod J 2009;4(3):96–100.
  20. Nourzadeh M, Amini A, Fakoor F, et al. Comparative antimicrobial efficacy of Eucalyptus galbie and Myrtus communis L. extracts, chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis. Iran Endod J 2017;12(2):205–210. DOI: 10.22037/iej.2017.40
  21. Paz EA, Cerdeiras MP, Fernandez J, et al. Screening of Uruguayan medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity. J Ethnopharmacol 1995;45(2):67–70. DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(94)01192-3
  22. Kudi AC, Umoh JU, Eduvie LO, et al. Screening of some Nigerian medicinal plants for antibacterial activity. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;67(6):225–228. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00214-1
  23. Vlietinck AJ, Van Hoof L, Totté J, et al. Screening of hundred Rwandese medicinal plants for antimicrobial and antiviral properties. J Ethnopharmacol 1995;46(1):31–47. DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(95)01226-4
  24. Firas HQ, Al-Mizraqchi AS. The antimicrobial effect of aqueous & alcoholic extracts of eucalyptus leaves on oral Mutans streptococci, Lactobacilli & Candida albicans (an in vitro study). J Bagh Col Dent 2009;21(4):109–112.
  25. Cock IE. Antimicrobial activity of eucalyptus major and Eucalyptus baileyana methanolic extracts. Internet J Microbiol 2015;6(1):1–14.
  26. Gill AO, Holley RA. Disruption of Escherichia coli,Listeria monocytogenes and Lactobacillus sakei cellular membranes by plant oil aromatics. Int J Food Microbiol 2006;108(1):1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.10.009
  27. Helander IM, Alakomi HL, Latva Kala K, et al. Characterization of the action of selected essential oil components on gram-negative bacteria. J Agric Food Chem 1998;46(9):3590–3595. DOI: 10.1021/jf980154m
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.