Citation Information :
Sharma K, Kumar V. Prevalence of Malocclusion in Primary Dentition in Southeast Part of Haryana, India: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021; 14 (6):757-761.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition of children in southeast part of Haryana state in India.
Materials and methods: About 1,540 children of age 3–5 years from 10 nursery and 10 primary schools were selected across Rohtak city. The children were selected by stratified random technique and examined at their respective schools. Oral examination was done to record the parameters such as molar relation, canine relation, crowding, spacing, midline shift, overjet, overbite, rotations, supernumerary teeth, tooth wear, anterior crossbite, and open bite. Chi-square test was used for calculating p-value.
Results: Class I canine relations was seen in 66.2%, flush terminal plane, mesial step, and distal step were observed in 60%, 30.8%, 9.2%, respectively. Midline shift was observed in 1.8% in maxilla and 4% cases in mandible. Rotations were more prevalent in mandibular dentition (26%). Supernumerary teeth were found to be 0.4% in maxillary arch. Spacing was reported in 81.9% in maxillary dentition and 69% in mandibular dentition. Increased overjet and overbite was present in 10.3% and 30.9%, respectively. Anterior crossbite and anterior open bite were seen in only 1% and 1.9% children, respectively with statistically significant higher prevalence in males. Prevalence of attritional facets were reported 13% in enamel and 8% in dentin.
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of class I canine relation, flush terminal plane molar, and spaced dentitions, suggestive of low prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition in Rohtak district of Haryana state. The results may provide a baseline data for further research on a larger scale.
Dutra ALT, Berto PM, Vieira LDS, et al. Longitudinal changes in the molar relationship from primary to permanent dentition. Con Scientiae Saude 2009;8(2):171–176. DOI: 10.5585/conssaude.v8i2.1640
Suma G, Das UM. Crowding, spacing and closed dentition and its relationship with malocclusion in primary dentition. Int J Clin Dent Sci 2010;1:16–19.
Joshi MR, Makhija PG. Some observations on spacing in the normal deciduous dentition of 100 Indian children from Gujarat. Br J Orthod 1984;11(2):75–79. DOI: 10.1179/bjo.11.2.75
Foster TD, Hamilton MC. Occlusion in the primary dentition: study of children at 21/2 to 3 years age. Br Dent J 1969;126(2):76–79.
Baume LJ. Physiological tooth migration and its significance for the development of occlusion: I. The biogenetic course of deciduous dentition. J Dent Res 1950;29(2):123–132. DOI: 10.1177/00220345500290020301
Kisling E, Krebs G. Patterns of occlusion in 3 year old Danish children Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1976;4:(4)152–159. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1976.tb00974.x
Farsi NMA, Salama FS. Characteristics of primary dentition occlusion in a group of Saudi children. Int J Paediatr Dent 1996;6(4):253–259. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.1996.tb00254.x
Ngan PW, Wei SHY, Yen PKY. Orthodontic treatment of the primary dentition. J Am Dent Assoc 1998;116(3):336–340. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1988.0224
Shavi GR, Hiremath NV, Shukla R, et al. Prevalence of spaced and non-spaced dentition and the occlusal relationship of primary dentition and its relation to malocclusion in school children of Davangere. J Int Oral Health 2015;7(9):75–78.
Vegesna M, Chandrasekhar R, Chandrappa V. Occlusal characteristics and spacing in primary dentition: a gender comparative cross-sectional study. Int Sch Res Notices 2014;2014:512680; DOI: 10.1155/2014/512680
Yadav NR, Prasad S, Rajashekharappa CB, et al. Gender influence on occlusal characteristics in the primary dentition. APOS Trends Orthod 2014;4(4):87–92. DOI: 10.4103/2321-1407.135789
Otuyemi OD, Sote EO, Isiekwe MC, et al. Occlusal relationships and spacing or crowding of teeth in the dentitions of 3–4 year old Nigerian children. Int J Pediatr Dent 1997;7(3):155–160. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-263x.1997.00232.x
Bhayya D, Shyagali T. Gender influence on occlusal characteristics of primary dentition in 4 to 6 year old children of Bagalkot City, India. Oral Health Prev Dent 2011;9(1):17–27.
Andersona AA. Occlusal development in children of African American descent: types of terminal plane relationships in the primary dentition. Angle Orthod 2006;76(5):817–823. DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(2006)076[0817:ODICOA]2.0.CO;2
Clinch LM. An analysis of serial models between three and 8 years of age. Dent Rec (London) 1951;71(4):61–72.
Salako N, Alamoudi N, Fateih R, et al. Prevalence and distribution pattern of interdental spaces in the primary dentition of Saudi Arabian children. J King Abdulaziz univ Med sci 1999;7(2):107–113. DOI: 10.4197/med.7-2.11
Abu Alhaija ESJ, Qudeimat MA. Occlusion and tooth/arch dimensions in the primary dentition of preschool Jordanian children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2003;13(4):230–239. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-263x.2003.00466.x
Thilander B, Pena L, Infante C, et al. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in children and adolescents in Bogota, Colombia. An epidemiological study related to different stages of dental development. Eur J Orthod 2001;23(2):153–167. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/23.2.153
Ravn J J. Longitudinal study of occlusion in the primary dentition in 3- to 7-year-old children. Scand J Dent Res 1980;88(3):165–170. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1980.tb01210.x
Hegde S, Panwar S, Rao Bolar D, et al. Characteristics of occlusion in primary dentition of pre-school children of Udaipur, India. Eur J Dent 2012;6(1):51–55.