International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry

Register      Login

VOLUME 13 , ISSUE S1 ( Supplement Issue, 2020 ) > List of Articles

Original Article

Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Condylar Malformation, Vertebral Column, and Head Posture: A Cephalometric Evaluation

Divya Rai, Pragati Navit, Nishi Grover, Suleman A Khan

Citation Information :

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1876

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 01-12-2020

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2020; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aims and objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is by far the most common sleep-related breathing disorder, affecting 2–4% of the adult population. The present study aims to compare the descriptive morphology of the cervical column in subjects with normal craniofacial morphology with those having condylar hypoplasia with OSA and to evaluate a positive correlation between the cervical columns, the cranial base angle, and the posture of the head and neck in subjects of condylar hypoplasia. Materials and methods: The present study comprised of lateral cephalogram of 40 subjects divided into two equal groups—control groups (n = 20) and OSA with condylar hypoplasia (n = 20). Results and observation: The condylar hypoplasia group has fusion anomalies of 65% and 35% has a posterior arch deficiency. The cervical lordosis, inclination of the cervical column is found to have a positive statistically significant correlation in condylar hypoplasia subjects. Conclusion: Morphological deviations and deviation pattern of the cervical column occurred significantly more often in subjects with condylar hypoplasia as compared with normal craniofacial morphology which can be verified by the increased cranial base angle, cervical lordosis, the inclination of the upper cervical spine, and cranial base angle were positively correlated with a fusion of cervical column. Clinical significance: Specific types of craniofacial morphology and head postures such as a reduced posterior airway space, an abnormally long soft palate, a low position of the hyoid bone, and an extended head posture are considered predisposing factors of OSA. As posture of the head and neck is considered to be associated with OSA, OSA may be associated with fusion of the cervical column. Hence, to know the result of malformation in the cervical column prove to be important with regard to phenotypical subdivision, diagnosis, and treatment of OSA.


PDF Share
  1. Sonnesen L, Petri N, Kjaer I, et al. Cervical column morphology in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur J Orthod 2008;30(5):521–526. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjn028.
  2. Sonnessen L, Pedersen CE, Kjaer I. Cervical column morphology related to head posture, cranial base angle and condylar malformation. Eur J Orthod 2007;29(4):398–403. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjm010.
  3. Sandham A. Cervical vertebral anomalies in cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Journal 1986;23(3):206–214.
  4. Sonnesen L, Kjaer I. Cervical vertebral body fusions in patients with skeletal deep bite. Eur J Orthod 2007;29(5):464–470. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjm043.
  5. Kylämarkula S, Huggare J. Head posture and the morphology of the first cervical vertebra. Eur J Orthod 1985;7(3):151–156. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/7.3.151.
  6. Huggare J. Association between morphology of the first cervical vertebra, head posture, and craniofacial structures. Eur J Orthodont 1991;13(6):435–440. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/13.6.435.
  7. Sandikcioglu M, Skov S, Solow B. Atlas morphology in relation to craniofacial morphology and head posture. Eur J Orthod 1994;16(2):96–103. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/16.2.96.
  8. Acampora D, D’Esposito M, Faiella A, et al. The human HOX gene family. Nucleic Acids Res 1989;17(24):10385–10402. DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.24.10385.
  9. Doboule D, Dolle P. The structural and functional organization of the murine HOX gene family resembles that of Drosophila homeotic genes. Eur Molec Biol Assoc 1989;8(5):1497–1505. DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03534.x.
  10. Krumlauf R. Hox genes in vertebrate development. Cell 1994;78(2):191–201. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90290-9.
  11. Ruddle FH, Amemiya CT, Carr JL, et al. Evolution of chordate hox gene clusters. Ann New York Acad Sci 1999;870(1 MOLECULAR STR):238–248. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08884.x.
  12. Ang PK, Sandam A, Tan WC. Craniofacial morphology and head posture in Chinese subject with obstructive sleep apnea. Semi Orthod 2004(1):90–96. DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2003.10.008.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.