International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry

Register      Login

VOLUME 12 , ISSUE 3 ( May-June, 2019 ) > List of Articles

Original Article

Determination of Onset of Action and Efficacy of Topical Lignocaine Anesthesia in Children: An In Vivo Study

Tejashri Gupte, Urvi A Modi, Shreyas Gupte, Ameya Sawant

Keywords : Lignocaine, Topical gel, Topical spray

Citation Information : Gupte T, Modi UA, Gupte S, Sawant A. Determination of Onset of Action and Efficacy of Topical Lignocaine Anesthesia in Children: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12 (3):178-181.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1615

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 01-03-2019

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2019; The Author(s).


Abstract

Anxiety is one of the major issues in the dental treatment in children and needle is the most anxiety provoking armamentarium. For this reason, pediatric dentists are on a constant search to find more comfortable means for administering anesthesia. Topical anesthesia has proven to be a boon in this attempt. Literature shows that quite often there is little pain relief from topical anesthesia and one reason for failure may be that there is no consensus regarding the most appropriate time duration for topical anesthesia to anesthetize intraoral tissue prior to injection. Therefore, the aim and objectives of the study are as follows: (1) To determine duration for onset of action of lignocaine gel and lignocaine spray used as a topical anesthesia during local anesthetic infiltration in palatal area in pediatric patients. (2) To compare the efficacy of lignocaine spray and lignocaine gel in the same patient with bilateral injection. The study group consists of children in the age group of 6–12 years of both genders. Only those children who require palatal bilateral infiltration for their treatment, included in the study. A total of 120 children divided equally into 3 sub-groups depending on the amount of time gap between topical anesthetic application and local infiltration. (1) Group I–30 seconds (2) group II–1 minute (3) group III–3 minutes. Pain responses compared based on subject self-report using visual analogue scale to record subjective symptoms and sem (sound eye motor) scales to record objective symptoms. Results subjected to statistical analysis.


PDF Share
  1. Malamed SF. Handbook of local anesthesia, 5th ed., Elsevier Health Sciences, 2008; pp. 55–80.
  2. Meechan JG. Intra-oral topical anesthetics: a review. J Dent 2000 Jan 31;28(1):3–14. DOI: 10.1016/S0300-5712(99)00041-X.
  3. Bågesund M, Tabrizi P. Lidocaine 20% patch vs Lidocaine 5% gel for topical anesthesia of oral mucosa. Int J Paediatr Dent 2008 Nov 1;18(6):452–460. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2007.00910.x.
  4. Primosch RE, Rolland-Asensi G. Comparison of topical EMLA 5% oral adhesive to benzocaine 20% on the pain experienced during palatal anesthetic infiltration in children. Paediatr Dent 2001;23(1):11–14.
  5. Kleinknecht RA, Klepac RK, et al. Origins and characteristics of fear of dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 1973 Apr 1;86(4):842–848. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1973.0165.
  6. Gale EN. Fears of the dental situation. J Dent Res 1972 Jul 1;51(4):964–966. DOI: 10.1177/00220345720510044001.
  7. Ram D, Peretz B. Administering local anaesthesia to Paediatric dental patients—current status and prospects for the future. Int J Paediatr Dent 2002 Mar 1;12(2):80–89. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-263X.2002.00343.x.
  8. Rai K, Hegde AM, et al. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of lignocaine and benzocaine patches for various dental treatment in children. Nitte Univ J Health Sci 2014 Mar 1;4(1):28.
  9. Ngan KK, Richard Crout DM, et al. A survey of local and topical anesthesia use by pediatric dentists in the United States. Paediatr Dent 2001;23(3):265–269.
  10. Gill CJ, Orr DL. A double-blind crossover comparison of topical anesthetics. J Am Dent Assoc 1979 Feb 1;98(2):213–214. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1979.0476.
  11. Primosch RE, Robinson L. Pain elicited during intraoral infiltration with buffered Lidocaine. Am J Dent 1996 Feb;9(1):5–10.
  12. Revill SI, Robinson JO, et al. The reliability of a linear analogue for evaluating pain. Anaesthesia 1976 Nov 1;31(9):1191–1198. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1976.tb11971.x.
  13. Seymour RA. The use of pain scales in assessing the efficacy of analgesics in postoperative dental pain. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1982 Sep 1;23(5):441–444. DOI: 10.1007/BF00605995.
  14. McGrath PA. An assessment of children's pain: a review of behavioral, physiological and direct scaling techniques. Pain 1987 Nov 1;31(2):147–176. DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(87)90033-9.
  15. Bhalla J, Meechan JG, et al. Effect of time on clinical efficacy of topical anesthesia. Anesth Prog 2009 Jun;56(2):36–41. DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-56.2.36.
  16. Stern I, Giddon DB. Topical anesthesia for periodontal procedures. Anesth Prog 1975 Jul;22(4):105.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.